100 نفر تاثیر گذار تاریخ !

مایکل اچ هارت، اختر فیزیکدان یهودی آمریکایی در سال ۱۹۷۸در اولین کتاب خود صد نفر از تاثیرگذار ترین انسان های تاریخ بشر را معرفی کرده است . او پس از معرفی هر یک از این اشخاص ، دلیل خود را برای انتخاب آن شخصیت آورده است . پنج نفر اول لیست او به این صورت است :

۱. محمد (ص)

۲. اسحاق نیوتن

۳. عیسی مسیح (ع)

۴. بودا

۵. کنفوسیوس

اچ هارت پیامبر اسلام را انسانی بسیار موفق ، هم در جنبه ی روحانی و هم در عرصه ی سکولار معرفی می کند . او هم چنین نقش پیامبر اسلام در گسترش دین اسلام را بیش از نقش عیسی علیه السلام در گسترش دین مسیحیت می داند .

او در کتابش علت ِ انتخاب پیامبر اسلام به عنوان تاثیرگذار ترین شخصیت تاریخ را در چند مولفه بیان می کند :
یک . اصلاح طلب ِ اجتماعی
دو . سیاستمدار
سه . بشر دوست
چهار . بازرگان
پنج . فیلسوف
شش . سخنور
هفت . قانون گذار
هشت . رهبر نظامی

کل لیست را در ادامه مطلب بخوانید..

	Rank	Name	Religious Affiliation	Influence
	1	Muhammad	Islam	Prophet of Islam; conqueror of Arabia; Hart recognized that ranking Muhammad first might be controversial, but felt that, from a secular historian's perspective, this was the correct choice because Muhammad is the only man to have been both a founder of a major world religion and a major military/political leader. More
	2	Isaac Newton	Anglican (rejected Trinitarianism, i.e., Athanasianism; believed in the Arianism of the Primitive Church)	physicist; theory of universal gravitation; laws of motion
	3	Jesus Christ *	Judaism; Christianity	founder of Christianity
	4	Buddha	Hinduism; Buddhism	founder of Buddhism
	5	Confucius	Confucianism	founder of Confucianism
	6	St. Paul	Judaism; Christianity	proselytizer of Christianity
	7	Ts'ai Lun	Chinese traditional religion	inventor of paper
	8	Johann Gutenberg	Catholic	developed movable type; printed Bibles
	9	Christopher Columbus	Catholic	explorer; led Europe to Americas
	10	Albert Einstein	Jewish	physicist; relativity; Einsteinian physics
	11	Louis Pasteur	Catholic	scientist; pasteurization
	12	Galileo Galilei	Catholic	astronomer; accurately described heliocentric solar system
	13	Aristotle	Platonism / Greek philosophy	influential Greek philosopher
	14	Euclid	Platonism / Greek philosophy	mathematician; Euclidian geometry
	15	Moses	Judaism	major prophet of Judaism
	16	Charles Darwin	Anglican (nominal); Unitarian	biologist; described Darwinian evolution, which had theological impact on many religions
	17	Shih Huang Ti	Chinese traditional religion	Chinese emperor
	18	Augustus Caesar	Roman state paganism	ruler
	19	Nicolaus Copernicus	Catholic (priest)	astronomer; taught heliocentricity
	20	Antoine Laurent Lavoisier	Catholic	father of modern chemistry; philosopher; economist
	21	Constantine the Great	Roman state paganism; Christianity	Roman emperor who completely legalized Christianity, leading to its status as state religion. Convened the First Council of Nicaea that produced the Nicene Creed, which rejected Arianism (one of two major strains of Christian thought) and established Athanasianism (Trinitarianism, the other strain) as "official doctrine."
	22	James Watt	Presbyterian (lapsed)	developed steam engine
	23	Michael Faraday	Sandemanian	physicist; chemist; discovery of magneto-electricity
	24	James Clerk Maxwell	Presbyterian; Anglican; Baptist	physicist; electromagnetic spectrum
	25	Martin Luther	Catholic; Lutheran	founder of Protestantism and Lutheranism
	26	George Washington	Episcopalian	first president of United States
	27	Karl Marx	Jewish; Lutheran; Atheist; Marxism/Communism	founder of Marxism, Marxist Communism
	28	Orville and Wilbur Wright	United Brethren	inventors of airplane
	29	Genghis Khan	Mongolian shamanism	Mongol conqueror
	30	Adam Smith	Liberal Protestant	economist; philosopher; expositor of capitalism; author: The Theory of Moral Sentiments
	31	Edward de Vere a.k.a. William Shakespeare	Catholic; Anglican	literature; also wrote 6 volumes about philosophy and religion
	32	John Dalton	Quaker	chemist; physicist; atomic theory; law of partial pressures (Dalton's law)
	33	Alexander the Great	Greek state paganism	conqueror
	34	Napoleon Bonaparte	Catholic (nominal)	French conqueror
	35	Thomas Edison	Congregationalist; agnostic	inventor of light bulb, phonograph, etc.
	36	Antony van Leeuwenhoek	Dutch Reformed	microscopes; studied microscopic life
	37	William T.G. Morton	??	pioneer in anesthesiology
	38	Guglielmo Marconi	Catholic and Anglican	inventor of radio
	39	Adolf Hitler	Nazism; born/raised in, but rejected Catholicism	conqueror; led Axis Powers in WWII
	40	Plato	Platonism / Greek philosophy	founder of Platonism
	41	Oliver Cromwell	Puritan (Protestant)	British political and military leader
	42	Alexander Graham Bell	Unitarian/Universalist	inventor of telephone *
	43	Alexander Fleming	Catholic	penicillin; advances in bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy
	44	John Locke	raised Puritan (Anglican); Liberal Christian	philosopher and liberal theologian
	45	Ludwig van Beethoven	Catholic	composer
	46	Werner Heisenberg	Lutheran	a founder of quantum mechanics; discovered principle of uncertainty; head of Nazi Germany's nuclear program
	47	Louis Daguerre	??	an inventor/pioneer of photography
	48	Simon Bolivar	Catholic (nominal); Atheist	National hero of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
	49	Rene Descartes	Catholic	Rationalist philosopher and mathematician
	50	Michelangelo	Catholic	painter; sculptor; architect
	51	Pope Urban II	Catholic	called for First Crusade
	52	'Umar ibn al-Khattab	Islam	Second Caliph; expanded Muslim empire
	53	Asoka	Buddhism	king of India who converted to and spread Buddhism
	54	St. Augustine	Greek state paganism; Manicheanism; Catholic	Early Christian theologian
	55	William Harvey	Anglican (nominal)	described the circulation of blood; wrote Essays on the Generation of Animals, the basis for modern embryology
	56	Ernest Rutherford	??	physicist; pioneer of subatomic physics
	57	John Calvin	Protestant; Calvinism	Protestant reformer; founder of Calvinism
	58	Gregor Mendel	Catholic (Augustinian monk)	Mendelian genetics
	59	Max Planck	Protestant	physicist; thermodynamics
	60	Joseph Lister	Quaker	principal discoverer of antiseptics which greatly reduced surgical mortality
	61	Nikolaus August Otto	??	built first four-stroke internal combustion engine
	62	Francisco Pizarro	Catholic	Spanish conqueror in South America; defeated Incas
	63	Hernando Cortes	Catholic	conquered Mexico for Spain; through war and introduction of new diseases he largely destroyed Aztec civilization
	64	Thomas Jefferson	Episcopalian; Deist	3rd president of United States
	65	Queen Isabella I	Catholic	Spanish ruler
	66	Joseph Stalin	Russian Orthodox; Atheist; Marxism	revolutionary and ruler of USSR
	67	Julius Caesar	Roman state paganism	Roman emperor
	68	William the Conqueror	Catholic	laid foundation of modern England
	69	Sigmund Freud	Jewish; atheist; Freudian psychology/psychoanalysis	founded Freudian school of psychology/psychoanalysis (i.e., the "religion of Freudianism")
	70	Edward Jenner	Anglican	discoverer of the vaccination for smallpox
	71	Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen	??	discovered X-rays
	72	Johann Sebastian Bach	Lutheran; Catholic	composer
	73	Lao Tzu	Taoism	founder of Taoism
	74	Voltaire	raised in Jansenism; later Deist	writer and philosopher; wrote Candide
	75	Johannes Kepler	Lutheran	astronomer; planetary motions
	76	Enrico Fermi	Catholic	initiated the atomic age; father of atom bomb
	77	Leonhard Euler	Calvinist	physicist; mathematician; differential and integral calculus and algebra
	78	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	born Protestant; converted as a teen to Catholic; later Deist	French deistic philosopher and author
	79	Nicoli Machiavelli	Catholic	wrote The Prince (influential political treatise)
	80	Thomas Malthus	Anglican (cleric)	economist; wrote Essay on the Principle of Population
	81	John F. Kennedy	Catholic	U.S. President who led first successful effort by humans to travel to another "planet"
	82	Gregory Pincus	Jewish	endocrinologist; developed birth-control pill
	83	Mani	Manicheanism	founder of Manicheanism, once a world religion which rivaled Christianity in strength
	84	Lenin	Russian Orthodox; Atheist; Marxism/Communism	Russian ruler
	85	Sui Wen Ti	Chinese traditional religion	unified China
	86	Vasco da Gama	Catholic	navigator; discovered route from Europe to India around Cape Hood
	87	Cyrus the Great	Zoroastrianism	founder of Persian empire
	88	Peter the Great	Russian Orthodox	forged Russia into a great European nation
	89	Mao Zedong	Atheist; Communism; Maoism	founder of Maoism, Chinese form of Communism
	90	Francis Bacon	Anglican	philosopher; delineated inductive scientific method
	91	Henry Ford	Protestant	developed automobile; achievement in manufacturing and assembly
	92	Mencius	Confucianism	philosopher; founder of a school of Confucianism
	93	Zoroaster	Zoroastrianism	founder of Zoroastrianism
	94	Queen Elizabeth I	Anglican	British monarch; restored Church of England to power after Queen Mary
	95	Mikhail Gorbachev	Russian Orthodox	Russian premier who helped end Communism in USSR
	96	Menes	Egyptian paganism	unified Upper and Lower Egypt
	97	Charlemagne	Catholic	Holy Roman Empire created with his baptism in 800 AD
	98	Homer	Greek paganism	epic poet
	99	Justinian I	Catholic	Roman emperor; reconquered Mediterranean empire; accelerated Catholic-Monophysite schism
	100	Mahavira	Hinduism; Jainism	founder of Jainism

Source of list of names: Hart, Michael H. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Revised and Updated for the Nineties. New York: Carol Publishing Group/Citadel Press; first published in 1978, reprinted with minor revisions (reflected above) in 1992.